Last week, three different measures of consumer confidence came out:
- University of Michigan: Consumer Sentiment
- Conference Board: Consumer Confidence Level
- Gallup: Economic Confidence Index
Claim of Importance
Bloomberg states "Consumer sentiment is directly related to the strength of consumer spending."
Let's investigate that claim starting with a look at the latest results from each survey.
Consumer Confidence
On August 25, the Conference Board's "Consumer Confidence Level" soared well ahead of any Bloomberg Consensus estimate with a reading Bloomberg stated "will have forecasters scratching their heads."
Enormous improvement in the assessment of the current labor market drove the consumer confidence index well beyond expectations, to 101.5 in August for a more than 10 point surge from July. A rare 6.5 percentage point drop to 21.9 percent in those describing jobs as currently hard to get points to outsized gains for the August employment report. This reading will have forecasters scratching their heads. The gain for this reading lifts the present situation component to 115.1 for a more than 11 point increase from July that points to consumer power for August.
The Yellen Fed has put great emphasis on the importance on consumer confidence readings and this report points to job-driven strength ahead for household spending.
Head-Scratching Sentiment
Three days later, the University of Michigan release was another head-scratching event. Bloomberg reported Consumer Sentiment in U.S. Declines to a Three-Month Low.
The University of Michigan sentiment number came in at 91.9, well below any guess in Bloomberg's Consensus Estimate Range of 92.7 to 95.0.
An early reading on the effect of global volatility is downbeat as the consumer sentiment index came in well below expectations, at 91.9 for the final August reading. The mid-month reading was 92.9 which roughly implies a pace near 91.0 over the last two weeks which is the softest since May.
Consumer Sentiment
Belief vs. Reality
In regards to consumer confidence, Bloomberg stated "The Yellen Fed has put great emphasis on the importance on consumer confidence readings and this report points to job-driven strength ahead for household spending."
Let's compare Yellen's belief to reality. Bloomberg conveniently provided this chart.
Here's a chart I put together last month on sentiment and sales.
University of Michigan Sentiment vs. Sales
To be fair, one needs to look at per capita spending and factor in boomer dynamics such as aging, etc. However, I do not have access to the conference board data, and the University of Michigan data on Fred is out of date.
Let's consider one more measure of sentiment.
Gallup Economic Confidence Index
On July 28, Gallup reported U.S. Economic Confidence Index Continues Downward, at -14.
Gallup's Economic Confidence Index continued its gradual, downward slide, reaching -14 for the week ending July 26. This represents a 10-month low for the index.
Last week's figure continues the generally downward trend that began in late January. At that point, the index peaked at +5 -- the highest weekly score Gallup has recorded since it began tracking economic confidence daily in 2008. Weekly figures have consistently been in negative territory since mid-March and have drifted gradually lower in recent months.
Gallup's Economic Confidence Index is the average of two components: how Americans rate the current economy and whether they feel the economy is getting better or getting worse. The index has a theoretical maximum of +100, if all Americans rate the economy as excellent or good and improving; and a theoretical minimum of -100, if all Americans rate the economy as poor and getting worse.
The current conditions score fell four points from the week prior to its current score of -9, accounting for the entire decline in the overall index. This was the result of 23% of Americans saying the economy is "excellent" or "good" and 32% saying it is "poor." Meanwhile, 39% of Americans said the economy is "getting better," while 57% said it is "getting worse." This resulted in an economic outlook score of -18, unchanged from the previous week.
Gallup Economic Confidence
Polling Methods
- Gallup: "Gallup is based on telephone interviews conducted July 20-26, 2015, on the Gallup U.S. Daily survey, with a random sample of 3,540 adults, aged 18 and older, living in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia."
- Conference Board: "The Consumer Confidence Survey uses an address-based mail sample design. The CCS mailing is scheduled so that the questionnaires reach sample households on or about the first of each month. The targeted responding sample size--approximately 3,000 completed questionnaires--has remained essentially unchanged throughout the history of the CCI."
- University of Michigan: The group surveyed 64 more people than usual in August in order to better capture the reaction to the market events, according to Richard Curtin, director of the Michigan Survey of Consumers. Typically, 500 consumers are polled every month.
Questions
- Do the difference in polling methods help explain the different results?
- Is it possible those responding to mail-in campaigns are economically better off and more likely to take the time to respond than those in phone surveys?
- Is survey language a factor? Reading comprehension?
- Do people give different answers on paper than they might over the phone?
- Is the University of Michigan sample size of 500 big enough to predict spending patterns for the entire nation?
Poll Comparison
- Gallup "Economic Confidence" is at a 10-month low.
- University of Michigan "Consumer Sentiment" is at a 3-month low.
- The Conference Board "Consumer Confidence Level" is at the second highest level in 8 years.
The surveys are so out of line with each other, it is impossible that "sentiment" matches spending, no matter how one adjusts the data.
In fact, the above charts are so screwy that one might wonder if it's possible to accurately measure sentiment at all.
Assuming sentiment can be measured (and we have three different surveys that purportedly do just that), the usefulness of such wildly differing surveys is not readily apparent.
Yellen can believe what she wants, but faith in sentiment as a leading indicator or purveyor of future economic spending patterns is seriously questionable, at best.
Forced to select a single survey, I would go with a phone survey over a paper survey, and a large sample size over a smaller one - Gallup.
By the way, the University of Michigan and Gallup surveys are at least going the same direction this year. The Conference Board survey is the odd man out.
