On Friday, April 28, the BEA will release its preliminary estimate for first quarter GDP.

Prior to that release, here is a compilation of six estimates from ZeroHedge, GDPNow, Nowcast, ISM, Markit, and me.

GDPNow Forecast: 0.5 Percent — April 18, 2017

FRBNY Nowcast: 2.8 Percent — April 21, 2017

Model Flaws

1. Nowcast uses no hard auto data: This is a serious error. Autos account for 20% of retail sales and fleet sales are also very important.
2. Nowcast has an incorrect reliance on unemployment rate: People dropping out of the labor force and actual employment rising can both move the number in the same direction. Both things cannot mean the same thing.
3. ISM vs PMI: Both reports measure the same thing, yet those reports signal very different things. At least one of them is wrong. GDPNow and Nowcast both rely on ISM even though the PMI reports have been more accurate, at least recently.
4. The GDPNow and Nowcast models both suffer from an inability to think. The weather provides a nice example. In December, the weather was unusually cold, causing Industrial Production numbers to soar (heat and electric production), for the entire upcoming quarter. I estimated in advance, January would take away those numbers. My assertion played out, at least for GDPNow. I still cannot account for Nowcast.

ISM vs PMI

I discussed the difference between ISM and Markit's PMI estimates recently, for both manufacturing and non-manufacturing (services).

• April 3: Markit PMI vs. ISM Fantasyland GDP Projection: Stagflation Lite?
• April 5: Another ISM/PMI Divergence: Non-Manufacturing
• April 21: ISM-PMI Divergence Widens: Markit Estimates 2nd Quarter GDP at 1.1%, Says Profit Squeeze Underway.

On April 3, the ISM made this statement: "The past relationship between the PMI® and the overall economy indicates that the average PMI® for January through March (57 percent) corresponds to a 4.3 percent increase in real gross domestic product on an annualized basis."

On March 24, Chris Williamson, Markit Chief Business Economist, stated "<em>The survey readings are consistent with annualized GDP growth of 1.7% in the first quarter, down from 1.9% in the final quarter of last year</em>."

On April 5, Williamson reiterated "The surveys of manufacturing and services are running at levels consistent with GDP expanding by 1.7% in the first quarter."

On April 21, Williamson stated "The PMI data suggest the US economy lost further momentum at the start of the second quarter. The surveys are signaling a GDP growth rate of 1.1% after 1.7% in the first quarter."

For discussion, please see ISM-PMI Divergence Widens: Markit Estimates 2nd Quarter GDP at 1.1%, Says Profit Squeeze Underway.

ZeroHedge April 25 Estimate

On April 25, ZeroHedge replied to my request for a number with "Ok sure, put me down for 0.8%."

He provided no further explanation, but I did not ask for any.

Mish Estimate History

• On Monday, April 3, on Coast-to-Coast, live syndicated talk radio, I told George Noory I expected GDP would be 0.6%.
• I lowered that to 0.4% following retail sales reports on April 14, as noted in GDP Forecasts Dip Again
• Following the existing and new home sales reports this week, I up my forecast to 0.7%.

GDP Predictions

1. GDPNow April 18: 0.5%
2. Mish April 25: 0.7%
3. ZeroHedge April 25: 0.8%
4. Markit April 21: 1.7%
5. FRBNY Nowcast April 21: 2.7%
6. ISM April 3: 4.3%

The "advance" GDP number for the first quarter comes out on April 28.

What About Rate Hikes?

Whether this is yet another "transitory" period remains to be seen, but one of these downturns will stick.

Three hikes may not sound like much, but there is over a trillion dollars worth of debt that needs to roll over soon, at increasing rates, at a time when consumers are gasping and minimum wages hikes are in play.

The market expects another hike in June and still more hikes later in the year. I sure don't.

For a look at how the weather impacted factory utilization and thus GDP estimates, please consider Formulas Don't Think: Investigating Weather-Related GDP.

In that article, I commented on cold weather in December followed by warmer than usual weather in January.

For reasons I do not understand, GDPNow followed my model of unwinding the weather-related effects, but Nowcast didn't.

Meanwhile, Don't Worry Weakness is Transitory: Fed Expects a Second Quarter Rebound, Higher Equity Prices.

Final Comments

The GDPNow estimate is subject to change on Thursday, April 27 following Durable Goods and International Trade data. I may tweak my estimate at that time and will let ZeroHedge do the same, but I expect no more than a 0.2 percentage point move.

For the first time all quarter, I have a higher estimate than GDPNow. Housing data caused me to up my estimate up by 0.3 percentage points since mid-April.

If the Fed can convince the market it will hike, the Fed will hike in June. That may be a tough act if first-quarter GDP is under 1%.